Bilateral anterior thalami and fornix macrohemorrhage in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Sagittal T1-weighted MRI (A) shows hemorrhage involving the anterior thalamus just beneath the fornix. Axial T2*-weighted MRI (B) shows bilateral fornix hemorrhage with asymmetrical bithalamic involvement.

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy during novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infection

MRI: Axial (A) and sagittal (B) T2-weighted MRI shows confluent hyperintensity involving the cortical–subcortical regions of the occipital and parietal lobes. There are also several small areas in internal and external capsula, insular cortex, and bilaterally in the thalamus and in the left superior cerebral peduncle (A, B). Axial diffusion-weighted image map shows restricted water diffusion in the corresponding areas mimicking acute ischemic infarction with cytotoxic edema. The lesions are not confined to a certain arterial territory (C). The spectroscopic study (echo time = 144 msec) shows high peaks for lactate (arrow), with normal values for choline, creatine, and NAA (D).

Isolated vertigo and imbalance due to deep border zone cerebellar infarct

Right deep border zone cerebellar infarct with ipsilateral proximal large artery disease

Axial (A) diffusion-weighted imaging displays acute deep infarct at the boundary zone between medial and lateral branch of the right posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Anterior (B) and lateral (C) views of CT angiography show occlusion of right vertebral artery and stenosis of right subclavian artery (arrows).

Apathetic variant of frontotemporal dementia

Structural-functional correlates of apathetic variant frontotemporal dementia

(A–C) Sulcal prominence and atrophy were identified on axial T1-weighted MRI, particularly in dorsolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal regions. Mild periventricular/subcortical nonspecific white matter changes were also noted. (D–F) Fluorodeoxyglucose PET imaging revealed prefrontal (including dorsolateral, anterior cingulate, and ventromedial cortices), insular, and anterior temporal pole hypometabolism.

Perineural spread of basal cell carcinoma along the trigeminal nerve

Axial image

Postgadolinium axial T1 fat-saturated image shows a thickened maxillary nerve (thin arrow) curving toward the pterygopalatine fossa. There is also linear enhancement along the vidian nerve (dashed arrow) and the mandibular nerve (thick arrow) within foramen ovale.

Recurrent vertebrobasilar embolism out of a blind sack

Stump embolism as a cause of vertebrobasilar stroke

Digital subtraction angiography shows an ascending cervical artery with collateral refilling of the distal vertebral artery (VA). The arrow indicates the blind sack of the proximally occluded VA with a resident embolus, the presumed source of the recurrent ischemia.

Granulomatous angiitis of the CNS associated with Hodgkin lymphoma

Radiologic and histopathologic findings of the CNS lesions

(A, B) Axial and coronal postgadolinium T1-weighted imaging demonstrates extensive hemispheric and focal cerebellar abnormalities with a perivascular pattern of enhancement; (C) MRI perfusion imaging demonstrates decreased cerebral blood flow in the white matter; (D) hematoxylin & eosin section demonstrates necrotizing granulomatous angiitis.