tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29574480097928713612024-02-19T07:00:14.351-08:00NeuroimagingA visual blog on neuroimagingAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04796162963517707328noreply@blogger.comBlogger38125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2957448009792871361.post-3193065451064917232021-03-07T11:55:00.005-08:002021-03-07T11:57:38.471-08:00Typical features of selected neurodegenerative diseases<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsczCIiEg1_raC-6LBJ4JnEeacbJyeKzzJ5qGKrCUL0u32ABaHpnLLgc7thXcE3xiYkDsMlPtF54jThY8o-Y1LTSSpqEM1dd0TPk4iAlos4h01i-skU2tzgpk4et_gqtHQ_HHW7FhniD7r/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="479" data-original-width="496" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsczCIiEg1_raC-6LBJ4JnEeacbJyeKzzJ5qGKrCUL0u32ABaHpnLLgc7thXcE3xiYkDsMlPtF54jThY8o-Y1LTSSpqEM1dd0TPk4iAlos4h01i-skU2tzgpk4et_gqtHQ_HHW7FhniD7r/s16000/image.png" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwJfxc5mq4PnALvMu6zTZ2i0WnNlmaffIDRPPd9iZ21u3uT3_ejYtyIy_XFQxV5vPykpI_Al_6sypOZbas4tGc_UauCWt8c3CaF5_01Ax7FK2mss2RpQKjDHSE1nHZZAp2uRBaVADaoGJC/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="735" data-original-width="900" height="523" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwJfxc5mq4PnALvMu6zTZ2i0WnNlmaffIDRPPd9iZ21u3uT3_ejYtyIy_XFQxV5vPykpI_Al_6sypOZbas4tGc_UauCWt8c3CaF5_01Ax7FK2mss2RpQKjDHSE1nHZZAp2uRBaVADaoGJC/w640-h523/image.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><br /></div><br /><p></p><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Source: <span face="BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Fira Sans", "Droid Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #212121;">Sobański M, Zacharzewska-Gondek A, Waliszewska-Prosół M, Sąsiadek MJ, Zimny A, Bladowska J. A Review of Neuroimaging in Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2021 Jan 28:1-13. doi: <a href="http://10.1159/000512543">10.1159/000512543</a> </span></span><span face="BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, Fira Sans, Droid Sans, Helvetica Neue, sans-serif" style="color: #212121; font-size: x-small;">https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/512543</span></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2957448009792871361.post-29273896951031510412020-01-31T07:56:00.001-08:002020-01-31T07:57:11.551-08:00Comparison of Manual Cross-Sectional Measurements and Automatic Volumetry of the Corpus Callosum, and Their Clinical Impact: A Study on Type 1 Diabetes and Healthy Controls<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/498485/fneur-11-00027-HTML/image_m/fneur-11-00027-g001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="234" data-original-width="702" height="132" src="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/498485/fneur-11-00027-HTML/image_m/fneur-11-00027-g001.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px !important;">Background and purpose:</strong> Degenerative change of the corpus callosum might serve as a clinically useful surrogate marker for net pathological cerebral impact of diabetes type 1. We compared manual and automatic measurements of the corpus callosum, as well as differences in callosal cross-sectional area between subjects with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls.</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px !important;">Materials and methods:</strong> This is a cross-sectional study on 188 neurologically asymptomatic participants with type 1 diabetes and 30 healthy age- and sex-matched control subjects, recruited as part of the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study. All participants underwent clinical work-up and brain MRI. Callosal area was manually measured and callosal volume quantified with FreeSurfer. The measures were normalized using manually measured mid-sagittal intracranial area and volumetric intracranial volume, respectively.</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px !important;">Results:</strong> Manual and automatic measurements correlated well (callosal area vs. volume: ρ = 0.83, <i style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px !important;">p</i> < 0.001 and mid-sagittal area vs. intracranial volume: ρ = 0.82, <i style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px !important;">p</i> < 0.001). We found no significant differences in the callosal measures between cases and controls. In type 1 diabetes, the lowest quartile of normalized callosal area was associated with higher insulin doses (<i style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px !important;">p</i> = 0.029) and reduced insulin sensitivity (<i style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px !important;">p</i> = 0.033). In addition, participants with more than two cerebral microbleeds had smaller callosal area (<i style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px !important;">p</i> = 0.002).</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px !important;">Conclusion:</strong> Manually measured callosal area and automatically segmented are interchangeable. The association seen between callosal size with cerebral microbleeds and insulin resistance is indicative of small vessel disease pathology in diabetes type 1.<br />
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<span style="font-family: "museosans" , "georgia" , "times new roman" , "times" , serif; font-size: 13px;"><b>Reference:</b> Claesson T, Putaala J, Shams S, Salli E, Gordin D, Liebkind R, Forsblom C, Summanen PA, Tatlisumak T, Groop P-H, Martola J and Thorn LM (2020) Comparison of Manual Cross-Sectional Measurements and Automatic Volumetry of the Corpus Callosum, and Their Clinical Impact: A Study on Type 1 Diabetes and Healthy Controls. </span><i style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: MuseoSans, Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 13px; outline: 0px !important; text-align: start;">Front. Neurol.</i><span style="font-family: "museosans" , "georgia" , "times new roman" , "times" , serif; font-size: 13px;"> 11:27. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00027</span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2957448009792871361.post-75333795439663015192019-12-18T06:48:00.002-08:002019-12-18T06:48:21.365-08:00Imaging Patterns of Toxic and Metabolic Brain Disorders<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://pubs.rsna.org/na101/home/literatum/publisher/rsna/journals/content/radiographics/2019/rg.2019.39.issue-6/rg.2019190016/20190930/images/medium/rg.2019190016.fig2.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="416" data-original-width="500" src="https://pubs.rsna.org/na101/home/literatum/publisher/rsna/journals/content/radiographics/2019/rg.2019.39.issue-6/rg.2019190016/20190930/images/medium/rg.2019190016.fig2.gif" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "open sans" , sans-serif;">Illustration shows the most important general imaging patterns in toxic and metabolic brain disorders. White areas = areas of involvement. These include symmetric basal ganglia and/or thalami involvement (axial view) </span><i style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; text-align: start;">(A)</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "open sans" , sans-serif;">; symmetric dentate nuclei involvement (axial view) </span><i style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; text-align: start;">(B)</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "open sans" , sans-serif;">; prominent cortical gray matter involvement (axial view) </span><i style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; text-align: start;">(C)</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "open sans" , sans-serif;">; symmetric periventricular white matter involvement (with gray matter sparing) (axial view) </span><i style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; text-align: start;">(D)</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "open sans" , sans-serif;">; corticospinal tract involvement (axial view) </span><i style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; text-align: start;">(E)</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "open sans" , sans-serif;">; corpus callosum involvement (coronal view) </span><i style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; text-align: start;">(F)</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "open sans" , sans-serif;">; asymmetric white matter involvement (demyelinating disease pattern) (axial view) </span><i style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; text-align: start;">(G)</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "open sans" , sans-serif;">; parieto-occipital subcortical vasogenic edema (axial view) </span><i style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; text-align: start;">(H)</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "open sans" , sans-serif;">; and central pons involvement (axial view) </span><i style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; text-align: start;">(I)</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "open sans" , sans-serif;">.</span></span></td></tr>
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Reference: <a class="epub-section__doi__text" href="https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2019190016" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; cursor: pointer; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; outline: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s;">https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2019190016</a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2957448009792871361.post-68951097836594575362016-01-02T01:41:00.000-08:002016-01-02T01:41:08.395-08:00Measuring Global Brain Atrophy with the Brain Volume/Cerebrospinal Fluid Index: Normative Values, Cut-Offs and Clinical Associations<div style="text-align: justify;">
Background: Global brain atrophy is present in normal aging and different neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is becoming widely used to monitor disease progression. Summary: The brain volume/cerebrospinal fluid index (BV/CSF index) is validated in this study as a measurement of global brain atrophy. We tested the ability of the BV/CSF index to detect global brain atrophy, investigated the influence of confounders, provided normative values and cut-offs for mild, moderate and severe brain atrophy, and studied associations with different outcome variables. A total of 1,009 individuals were included [324 healthy controls, 408 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 277 patients with AD]. Magnetic resonance images were segmented using FreeSurfer, and the BV/CSF index was calculated and studied both cross-sectionally and longitudinally (1-year follow-up). Both AD patients and MCI patients who progressed to AD showed greater global brain atrophy compared to stable MCI patients and controls. Atrophy was associated with older age, larger intracranial volume, less education and presence of the ApoE ε4 allele. Significant correlations were found with clinical variables, CSF biomarkers and several cognitive tests. Key Messages: The BV/CSF index may be useful for staging individuals according to the degree of global brain atrophy, and for monitoring disease progression. It also shows potential for predicting clinical changes and for being used in the clinical routine.</div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Reference: </b>Camila Orellana, Daniel Ferreira, J.-Sebastian Muehlboeck, Patrizia Mecocci, Bruno Vellas, Magda Tsolaki, Iwona Kłoszewska, Hilkka Soininen, Simon Lovestone, Andrew Simmons, Lars-Olof Wahlund, Eric WestmanMeasuring Global Brain Atrophy with the Brain Volume/Cerebrospinal Fluid Index: Normative Values, Cut-Offs and Clinical Associations. Neurodegener Dis (DOI: 10.1159/000442443)<br /><br /> <a href="http://www.karger.com/ProdukteDB/miscArchiv/000/442/443/000442443_sm.html">Free Supplementary Material</a></span><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2957448009792871361.post-23334629056301190002015-11-14T02:05:00.000-08:002015-11-14T02:05:12.127-08:00Thalamic amnesia after infarct: the role of the mammillothalamic tract and mediodorsal nucleus<div class="subsection" id="sec-1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: both; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 11.2667px; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div id="p-422" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Objective:</span> To improve current understanding of the mechanisms behind thalamic amnesia, as it is unclear whether it is directly related to damage to specific nuclei, in particular to the anterior or mediodorsal nuclei, or indirectly related to lesions of the mammillothalamic tract (MTT).</div>
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<div id="p-423" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Methods:</span> We recruited 12 patients with a left thalamic infarction and 25 healthy matched controls. All underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment of verbal and visual memory, executive functions, language, and affect, and a high-resolution structural volumetric MRI scan. Thalamic lesions were manually segmented and automatically localized with a computerized thalamic atlas. As well as comparing patients with controls, we divided patients into subgroups with intact or damaged MTT.</div>
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<div class="subsection" id="sec-3" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: both; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 11.2667px; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div id="p-424" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Results:</span> Only one patient had a small lesion of the anterior nucleus. Most of the lesions included the mediodorsal (n = 11) and intralaminar nuclei (n = 12). Patients performed worse than controls on the verbal memory tasks, but the 5 patients with intact MTT who showed isolated lesions of the mediodorsal nucleus (MD) only displayed moderate memory impairment. The 7 patients with a damaged MTT performed worse on the verbal memory tasks than those whose MTT was intact.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHJP8JJ7Tu3nvP5MIJiX2zP2HI1S7EO37blo6NXJzSmUGWCd4jHLdJsGEoqYjf-oQ6qQ-sO753duBLQpnFRHVy_4RrqYOwsZi-u1OEPbBadSzDyYhO_3ROKEKNNiXTZFA6dJ3i6e71dHeQ/s1600/Captura+de+pantalla+2015-11-14+a+las+10.45.44.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="464" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHJP8JJ7Tu3nvP5MIJiX2zP2HI1S7EO37blo6NXJzSmUGWCd4jHLdJsGEoqYjf-oQ6qQ-sO753duBLQpnFRHVy_4RrqYOwsZi-u1OEPbBadSzDyYhO_3ROKEKNNiXTZFA6dJ3i6e71dHeQ/s640/Captura+de+pantalla+2015-11-14+a+las+10.45.44.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2PiFG9hZt-s82tdg77C6ubcytrug7qJjC4P3pXpqzhbYGpNrEPfiZHf-FOEz5AUSyojYoB8slqqdcMeaqmMGgFZT4yaibJLZvESFCFv4W2x4wpo4sDRC6Z7XBaQ1PSpHjS4ZorIbMj7Cz/s1600/Captura+de+pantalla+2015-11-14+a+las+10.46.15.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2PiFG9hZt-s82tdg77C6ubcytrug7qJjC4P3pXpqzhbYGpNrEPfiZHf-FOEz5AUSyojYoB8slqqdcMeaqmMGgFZT4yaibJLZvESFCFv4W2x4wpo4sDRC6Z7XBaQ1PSpHjS4ZorIbMj7Cz/s640/Captura+de+pantalla+2015-11-14+a+las+10.46.15.png" width="515" /></a></div>
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<div id="p-425" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Conclusions:</span> Lesions in the MTT and in the MD result in memory impairment, severely in the case of MTT and to a lesser extent in the case of MD, thus highlighting the roles played by these 2 structures in memory circuits.</div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; text-align: inherit;"><b>Reference:</b></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5; text-align: inherit;"> </span><abbr class="slug-jnl-abbrev" style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #666666; font-family: inherit; font-size: 11.7px; font-style: italic; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 10.14px; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Neurology">Neurology</abbr><span class="slug-pub-date" itemprop="datePublished" style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #666666; font-family: inherit; font-size: 11.7px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 10.14px; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: inherit; font-size: 11.7px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 10.14px; text-align: left;"></span></span><span class="slug-elocation" style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #666666; font-family: inherit; font-size: 11.7px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 10.14px; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">10.1212/WNL.0000000000002226 (<a href="http://www.neurology.org/content/early/2015/11/13/WNL.0000000000002226.full.pdf+html" target="_blank">Full text</a>)</span></div>
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Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2957448009792871361.post-41525241420447465182015-11-14T02:04:00.000-08:002015-11-14T02:04:13.185-08:00Disruption of posteromedial large-scale neural communication predicts recovery from coma<div class="subsection" id="sec-1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: both; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 11.2667px; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Objective:</span> We hypothesize that the major consciousness deficit observed in coma is due to the breakdown of long-range neuronal communication supported by precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and that prognosis depends on a specific connectivity pattern in these networks.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Methods:</span> We compared 27 prospectively recruited comatose patients who had severe brain injury (Glasgow Coma Scale score <8; 14 traumatic and 13 anoxic cases) with 14 age-matched healthy participants. Standardized clinical assessment and fMRI were performed on average 4 ± 2 days after withdrawal of sedation. Analysis of resting-state fMRI connectivity involved a hypothesis-driven, region of interest–based strategy. We assessed patient outcome after 3 months using the Coma Recovery Scale–Revised (CRS-R).</div>
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<div class="subsection" id="sec-3" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: both; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 11.2667px; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div id="p-466" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Results:</span> Patients who were comatose showed a significant disruption of functional connectivity of brain areas spontaneously synchronized with PCC, globally notwithstanding etiology. The functional connectivity strength between PCC and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was significantly different between comatose patients who went on to recover and those who eventually scored an unfavorable outcome 3 months after brain injury (Kruskal-Wallis test, <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">p</em> < 0.001; linear regression between CRS-R and PCC-mPFC activity coupling at rest, Spearman ρ = 0.93, <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">p</em> < 0.003).</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpMxA99MfftDV_5_jBhRlSvpJDxiPJGSjL6NRFs8_kxeZlOab5sh9Q0GQJhoGE1CSEyzAaAqV8Go6QD-pOULhRthPCD7EXZSncsZ46U-eyIkIbanr7kSbmJ1xdWVbPMgyq7Ygty_Our978/s1600/Captura+de+pantalla+2015-11-14+a+las+10.50.47.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpMxA99MfftDV_5_jBhRlSvpJDxiPJGSjL6NRFs8_kxeZlOab5sh9Q0GQJhoGE1CSEyzAaAqV8Go6QD-pOULhRthPCD7EXZSncsZ46U-eyIkIbanr7kSbmJ1xdWVbPMgyq7Ygty_Our978/s640/Captura+de+pantalla+2015-11-14+a+las+10.50.47.png" width="496" /></a></div>
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<div class="subsection" id="sec-4" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; clear: both; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 11.2667px; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div id="p-467" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Conclusion:</span> In both etiology groups (traumatic and anoxic), changes in the connectivity of PCC-centered, spontaneously synchronized, large-scale networks account for the loss of external and internal self-centered awareness observed during coma. Sparing of functional connectivity between PCC and mPFC may predict patient outcome, and further studies are needed to substantiate this potential prognosis biomarker.</div>
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<b>Reference:</b><span style="font-weight: inherit;"> <abbr class="slug-jnl-abbrev" style="border: 0px; color: #666666; font-size: 11.7px; font-style: italic; line-height: 10.14px; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Neurology">Neurology</abbr><span class="slug-pub-date" itemprop="datePublished" style="border: 0px; color: #666666; font-size: 11.7px; line-height: 10.14px; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="color: #666666; font-size: 11.7px; line-height: 10.14px; text-align: left;"></span><span class="slug-elocation" style="border: 0px; color: #666666; font-size: 11.7px; line-height: 10.14px; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">10.1212/WNL.0000000000002196 (<a href="http://www.neurology.org/content/early/2015/11/11/WNL.0000000000002196.full.pdf+html" target="_blank">Full text</a>)</span></span></div>
</div>
Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2957448009792871361.post-77997326800683763992014-11-09T11:13:00.000-08:002014-11-09T11:13:20.524-08:00Comparison of 3T and 7T Susceptibility-Weighted Angiography of the Substantia Nigra in Diagnosing Parkinson Disease<div style="text-align: justify;">
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Standard neuroimaging fails in defining the anatomy of the substantia nigra and has a marginal role in the diagnosis of Parkinson disease. Recently 7T MR target imaging of the substantia nigra has been useful in diagnosing Parkinson disease. We performed a comparative study to evaluate whether susceptibility-weighted angiography can diagnose Parkinson disease with a 3T scanner.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen patients with Parkinson disease and 13 healthy subjects underwent MR imaging examination at 3T and 7T by using susceptibility-weighted angiography. Two expert blinded observers and 1 neuroradiology fellow evaluated the 3T and 7T images of the sample to identify substantia nigra abnormalities indicative of Parkinson disease. Diagnostic accuracy and intra- and interobserver agreement were calculated separately for 3T and 7T acquisitions.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
RESULTS: Susceptibility-weighted angiography 7T MR imaging can diagnose Parkinson disease with a mean sensitivity of 93%, specificity of 100%, and diagnostic accuracy of 96%. 3T MR imaging diagnosed Parkinson disease with a mean sensitivity of 79%, specificity of 94%, and diagnostic accuracy of 86%. Intraobserver and interobserver agreement was excellent at 7T. At 3T, intraobserver agreement was excellent for experts, and interobserver agreement ranged between good and excellent. The less expert reader obtained a diagnostic accuracy of 89% at 3T.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
CONCLUSIONS: Susceptibility-weighted angiography images obtained at 3T and 7T differentiate controls from patients with Parkinson disease with a higher diagnostic accuracy at 7T. The capability of 3T in diagnosing Parkinson disease might encourage its use in clinical practice. The use of the more accurate 7T should be supported by a dedicated cost-effectiveness study.</div>
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<a href="http://www.ajnr.org/content/early/2014/11/06/ajnr.A4158.full.pdf" target="_blank">Full text</a>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04796162963517707328noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2957448009792871361.post-40159178677865829002013-07-29T13:16:00.000-07:002013-07-29T13:16:01.374-07:00An unusual cause of conus medullaris syndrome A 22-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of back pain and
numbness of the left lower extremities. Lumbar spine MRI
demonstrated conus enlargement and an
intramedullary mass of predominant isointensity, heterogeneity with
central necrosis,
and marked heterogeneous enhancement (figure 1).
The tumor was resected and was consist with a glioblastoma multiforme.
Two
months later, the tumor recurred and extended
both cranially and caudally with widespread multifocal dissemination to
the
leptomeninges and the cauda equina (figure 2).
The patient deteriorated rapidly despite radiation therapy and
concomitant
temozolomide.
<br />
<br />
<br />
<img alt="Figure 1" src="http://www.neurology.org/content/81/5/e30/F1.medium.gif" /><br />
<span class="caption-title">Lumbar MRI of a primary tumor of conus medullaris</span><br />
<div id="p-171">
Sagittal
T2-weighted (A) and T1-weighted (B) lumbar MRI show a predominantly
isointense intramedullary mass with heterogeneity
due to intratumoral necrosis in the conus
medullaris. Sagittal (C), coronal (D), and axial (E) T1-weighted MRI
after administration
of gadolinium show marked heterogeneous enhancement
of the tumor with central necrosis and eccentric location.
</div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<img alt="Figure 2" src="http://www.neurology.org/content/81/5/e30/F2.medium.gif" /><br />
<span class="caption-title">Follow-up MRI evaluation of postoperative spine</span><br />
<div id="p-172">
Postoperative contrast-enhanced T1-weighted lumbar MRI shows a recurrent tumor with cranial and caudal extension, as well
as diffuse nodular leptomeningeal deposits. Linear enhancement of the cord surface is also seen.
</div>
Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2957448009792871361.post-73390104055712255462012-01-09T14:49:00.000-08:002012-01-09T14:49:29.918-08:00Chiasmal visual loss after retinal detachment<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.neurology.org/content/78/2/150/F1.medium.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://www.neurology.org/content/78/2/150/F1.medium.gif" width="304" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="caption-title">Perimetry testing and CT imaging</span><div class="first-child" id="p-3">(A) Perimetry testing demonstrated reduced sensitivity in the temporal field of the left eye (contralateral to the retinal detachment). (B, C) A CT scan revealed gas within the right globe, tracking through the right optic nerve into the optic chiasm (arrows). Gas was also present in the lateral ventricles.</div></td></tr>
</tbody></table>Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2957448009792871361.post-7276113020029469102011-12-26T14:09:00.000-08:002011-12-26T14:09:01.554-08:00Neuroradiologic findings in pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.neurology.org/content/78/1/e1/F1.small.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://www.neurology.org/content/78/1/e1/F1.small.gif" width="310" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="caption-title">Contrast enhancement on MRI in the early phase of central pontine myelinolysis</span><div class="first-child" id="p-3">Three days after symptom onset, T2-weighted MRI showed a hyperintense lesion of the pons (A) and of the basal ganglia (B). Coronal postgadolinium T1-weighted MRI showed a nonhomogeneous enhancement of the pontine lesion 3 days after symptom onset (C), which diminished 15 days later (D).</div></td></tr>
</tbody></table>Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2957448009792871361.post-79929340627614834362011-12-26T14:07:00.000-08:002011-12-26T14:07:48.857-08:00Sequential MRI of the pituitary in Sheehan syndrome<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.neurology.org/content/78/1/e3/F1.medium.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="148" src="http://www.neurology.org/content/78/1/e3/F1.medium.gif" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Coronal and sagittal postcontrast T1-weighted spin-echo images show an enlarged pituitary with rim enhancement and no internal enhancement (arrows). Findings are suggestive of nonhemorrhagic pituitary infarct, i.e., Sheehan syndrome. </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr>
</tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.neurology.org/content/78/1/e3/F2.medium.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="146" src="http://www.neurology.org/content/78/1/e3/F2.medium.gif" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="caption-title">Temporal evolution of the pituitary gland in Sheehan syndrome</span><div id="p-3">Coronal and sagittal postcontrast T1-weighted spin-echo images show atrophy of the anterior pituitary gland (arrows) on follow-up MRI 1 year later. </div></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div>Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2957448009792871361.post-29837392695650500152011-12-15T07:34:00.001-08:002011-12-15T07:34:59.884-08:00Lipoma of trigeminal nerve in a patient with severe trigeminal neuralgia<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://cp.neurology.org/content/1/1/78/F1.medium.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="288" src="http://cp.neurology.org/content/1/1/78/F1.medium.gif" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">T1 coronal images show homogenous hyperintense lesion involving the right trigeminal nerve root (white arrows) in A and B and Meckel's cave (white arrow) in C as compared to normal left trigeminal nerve (black arrows) and Meckel's cave (yellow arrow). Axial T1 image also demonstrates the involvement of mandibular division in foramen ovale (white arrow) as compared to normal on left side (orange arrow) in D. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2957448009792871361.post-74352598828358479682011-12-13T08:10:00.000-08:002011-12-13T08:10:08.761-08:00A case of partial oculomotor palsy<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.neurology.org/content/77/24/e150/F1.medium.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="157" src="http://www.neurology.org/content/77/24/e150/F1.medium.gif" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><strong>Examination of conjugate extraocular movements showing right adduction palsy and right partial ptosis</strong></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.neurology.org/content/77/24/e150/F2.medium.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="283" src="http://www.neurology.org/content/77/24/e150/F2.medium.gif" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(A) Brain MRI shows hyperintense signal in the dorsal midbrain on the right side on axial T2-weighted image and (B) schematic representation of the oculomotor nerve fascicles in the midbrain with the arrangement of various fibers in the oculomotor nerve fascicle: IO = inferior oblique; IR = inferior rectus; LPS = levator palpebrae superioris; MR = medial rectus; PF = pupillary fibers; SR = superior rectus. (C, D) Diffusion-weighted imaging (coronal) with reduced apparent diffusion coefficient on the corresponding site. </td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div>Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2957448009792871361.post-41146242574660435702011-12-08T07:51:00.000-08:002011-12-08T07:51:52.488-08:00A slowly growing benign brain mass<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.neurology.org/content/77/23/e139/F1.medium.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="201" src="http://www.neurology.org/content/77/23/e139/F1.medium.gif" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(A–H) T2-weighted images (repetition time msec/echo time msec, 2,150/30; 3-mm-thick sections; matrix, 256 × 256; field of view 250 mm<sup>2</sup>) show a neuroglial cyst in the right hemisphere measuring 16 cm<sup>3</sup> initially and increasing to 175 cm<sup>3</sup> with considerable mass effect after 7 years. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2957448009792871361.post-39351124750459470412011-11-29T07:30:00.000-08:002011-11-29T07:30:45.041-08:00Bilateral anterior thalami and fornix macrohemorrhage in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.neurology.org/content/77/22/e129/F1.medium.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="163" src="http://www.neurology.org/content/77/22/e129/F1.medium.gif" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sagittal T1-weighted MRI (A) shows hemorrhage involving the anterior thalamus just beneath the fornix. Axial T2*-weighted MRI (B) shows bilateral fornix hemorrhage with asymmetrical bithalamic involvement. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2957448009792871361.post-66590138144992613362011-11-21T14:31:00.001-08:002011-11-21T14:32:14.808-08:00Acute necrotizing encephalopathy during novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infection<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.neurology.org/content/77/21/e121/F1.medium.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="310" src="http://www.neurology.org/content/77/21/e121/F1.medium.gif" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">MRI: Axial (A) and sagittal (B) T2-weighted MRI shows confluent hyperintensity involving the cortical–subcortical regions of the occipital and parietal lobes. There are also several small areas in internal and external capsula, insular cortex, and bilaterally in the thalamus and in the left superior cerebral peduncle (A, B). Axial diffusion-weighted image map shows restricted water diffusion in the corresponding areas mimicking acute ischemic infarction with cytotoxic edema. The lesions are not confined to a certain arterial territory (C). The spectroscopic study (echo time = 144 msec) shows high peaks for lactate (arrow), with normal values for choline, creatine, and NAA (D). </td></tr>
</tbody></table>Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2957448009792871361.post-23606101886091497962011-11-21T14:30:00.001-08:002011-11-21T14:30:56.600-08:00Isolated vertigo and imbalance due to deep border zone cerebellar infarct<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.neurology.org/content/77/21/e122/F1.medium.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="136" src="http://www.neurology.org/content/77/21/e122/F1.medium.gif" width="320" /></a></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.neurology.org/content/77/21/e122/F1.medium.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="136" src="http://www.neurology.org/content/77/21/e122/F1.medium.gif" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="caption-title">Right deep border zone cerebellar infarct with ipsilateral proximal large artery disease</span><div class="first-child" id="p-2">Axial (A) diffusion-weighted imaging displays acute deep infarct at the boundary zone between medial and lateral branch of the right posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Anterior (B) and lateral (C) views of CT angiography show occlusion of right vertebral artery and stenosis of right subclavian artery (arrows). </div></td></tr>
</tbody></table>Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2957448009792871361.post-78074870096689310922011-11-15T03:39:00.000-08:002011-11-15T03:39:10.230-08:00Apathetic variant of frontotemporal dementia<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.neurology.org/content/77/20/e117/F1.small.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="302" src="http://www.neurology.org/content/77/20/e117/F1.small.gif" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="caption-title">Structural-functional correlates of apathetic variant frontotemporal dementia</span><div class="first-child" id="p-2">(A–C) Sulcal prominence and atrophy were identified on axial T1-weighted MRI, particularly in dorsolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal regions. Mild periventricular/subcortical nonspecific white matter changes were also noted. (D–F) Fluorodeoxyglucose PET imaging revealed prefrontal (including dorsolateral, anterior cingulate, and ventromedial cortices), insular, and anterior temporal pole hypometabolism. </div></td></tr>
</tbody></table>Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2957448009792871361.post-43313551496190184312011-11-15T03:37:00.001-08:002011-11-15T03:37:44.108-08:00Perineural spread of basal cell carcinoma along the trigeminal nerve<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.neurology.org/content/77/20/e118/F2.small.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://www.neurology.org/content/77/20/e118/F2.small.gif" width="362" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="caption-title">Axial image</span><div class="first-child" id="p-3">Postgadolinium axial T1 fat-saturated image shows a thickened maxillary nerve (thin arrow) curving toward the pterygopalatine fossa. There is also linear enhancement along the vidian nerve (dashed arrow) and the mandibular nerve (thick arrow) within foramen ovale.</div></td></tr>
</tbody></table>Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2957448009792871361.post-20976871900502146622011-11-15T03:36:00.000-08:002011-11-15T03:36:26.900-08:00Recurrent vertebrobasilar embolism out of a blind sack<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.neurology.org/content/77/20/e119/F1.medium.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="241" src="http://www.neurology.org/content/77/20/e119/F1.medium.gif" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="caption-title">Stump embolism as a cause of vertebrobasilar stroke</span><div class="first-child" id="p-2">Digital subtraction angiography shows an ascending cervical artery with collateral refilling of the distal vertebral artery (VA). The arrow indicates the blind sack of the proximally occluded VA with a resident embolus, the presumed source of the recurrent ischemia. </div></td></tr>
</tbody></table>Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2957448009792871361.post-43424423716716433652011-11-07T14:23:00.000-08:002011-11-07T14:23:41.230-08:00Granulomatous angiitis of the CNS associated with Hodgkin lymphoma<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.neurology.org/content/77/19/e110/F1.medium.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://www.neurology.org/content/77/19/e110/F1.medium.gif" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="caption-title">Radiologic and histopathologic findings of the CNS lesions</span><div class="first-child" id="p-2">(A, B) Axial and coronal postgadolinium T1-weighted imaging demonstrates extensive hemispheric and focal cerebellar abnormalities with a perivascular pattern of enhancement; (C) MRI perfusion imaging demonstrates decreased cerebral blood flow in the white matter; (D) hematoxylin & eosin section demonstrates necrotizing granulomatous angiitis. </div></td></tr>
</tbody></table>Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2957448009792871361.post-71350741647046588272011-10-31T14:05:00.000-07:002011-10-31T14:05:34.316-07:00Cochleitis<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.neurology.org/content/77/18/e109/F1.medium.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="106" src="http://www.neurology.org/content/77/18/e109/F1.medium.gif" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(A, B) Inner ear MRI: 2 contiguous adjacent axial enhanced fat-suppressed T1-weighted high-resolution images, showing asymmetric abnormal contrast enhancement of the right cochlea (arrows) and labyrinthine structures. Left cochlea has no detectable abnormalities, and shows no abnormal contrast enhancement (arrowheads). </td></tr>
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<br />Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2957448009792871361.post-61475842859584982152011-10-31T14:03:00.000-07:002011-10-31T14:03:34.321-07:00Platybasia and basilar invagination in osteogenesis imperfecta<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.neurology.org/content/77/18/e108/F2.medium.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="178" src="http://www.neurology.org/content/77/18/e108/F2.medium.gif" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="caption-title">MRI of the cranio-cervical junction</span><div class="first-child" id="p-4">
(A) Narrowing of upper cervical canal (white arrow) and myelomalacia at C2 (black arrow). (B) Tip of the odontoid and anterior arch of atlas are well above Chamberlain line (white line) and the clivus canal angle is <150° (yellow line). </div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2957448009792871361.post-80446406742461602502011-10-31T14:02:00.000-07:002011-10-31T14:04:37.172-07:00Neuroferritinopathy<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.neurology.org/content/77/18/e107/F1.medium.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="194" src="http://www.neurology.org/content/77/18/e107/F1.medium.gif" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(A) Cavitation of the basal ganglia on axial CT scan of the brain. (B) Axial susceptibility-weighted MRI shows iron deposition in basal ganglia. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2957448009792871361.post-67666727319391593072011-10-29T04:56:00.000-07:002011-10-29T04:56:22.997-07:00MTA Atrophy 0-4<div id="figure-window-viewer">
<span id="figureTitle"><strong> </strong></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0022506.g002&representation=PNG_M" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0022506.g002&representation=PNG_M" width="380" /></a></div>
<div id="figure-window-viewer">
<span id="figureTitle"><strong></strong>Visual assessment of the medial temporal lobe atrophy was performed on a single MR-slice posterior to the amygdala and the mamillary bodies.</span></div>
<div id="figure-window-description">
The was positioned so the hippocampus, the pons and the cerebral peduncles were all visible. The visual assessment included hippocampus proper, dentate gyrus, subiculum, parahippocampal gyrus, entorhinal cortex and surrounding CSF spaces such as temporal horn and choroid fissure. The right and left side were rated separately. Scores range from 0 (no atrophy) to 4 (end stage atrophy).</div>Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0